Table 3.
Associations between IMT in Midlife and AD Pathology and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease at 20‐Year Follow‐up, in a Subgroup of Cognitively Unimpaired Elderly (n = 330)
| IMT | Abnormal Aβ42, OR (95% CI) | Abnormal Aβ42/p‐tau, OR (95% CI) | Small Vessel Disease, OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 SD increase | |||
| Model 1 | 1.41 (1.02–1.95)a | 1.45 (1.00–2.09)a | 1.50 (1.10–2.03)a |
| Model 2 | 1.28 (0.89–1.84) | 1.27 (0.85–1.89) | 1.52 (1.11–2.08)a |
| Model 3 | 1.28 (0.87–1.90) | 1.35 (0.86–2.13) | 1.47 (1.05–2.06)a |
| Quartiles, mm | |||
| Model 1 | |||
| Q1, 0.46–0.63 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Q2, 0.63–0.71 | 1.72 (0.80–3.72) | 1.19 (0.46–3.04) | 1.03 (0.55–1.93) |
| Q3, 0.71–0.81 | 1.42 (0.64–3.17) | 1.69 (0.69–4.15) | 1.32 (0.68–2.56) |
| Q4, 0.81–1.18 | 2.26 (1.03–4.95)a | 1.90 (0.77–4.69) | 2.27 (1.14–4.53)a |
| Model 2 | |||
| Q1, 0.46–0.63 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Q2, 0.63–0.71 | 1.82 (0.79–4.22) | 1.19 (0.44–3.24) | 1.11 (0.59–2.10) |
| Q3, 0.71–0.81 | 1.20 (0.51–2.85) | 1.52 (0.59–3.92) | 1.36 (0.70–2.65) |
| Q4, 0.81–1.18 | 1.94 (0.82–4.59) | 1.48 (0.56–3.92) | 2.34 (1.15–4.74)a |
| Model 3 | |||
| Q1, 0.46–0.63 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Q2, 0.63–0.71 | 1.70 (0.73–3.99) | 1.02 (0.36–2.86) | 0.99 (0.51–1.89) |
| Q3, 0.71–0.81 | 1.25 (0.52–3.01) | 1.59 (0.61–4.19) | 1.29 (0.65–2.58) |
| Q4, 0.81–1.18 | 1.96 (0.78–4.91) | 1.51(0.53–4.32) | 2.07 (0.98–4.40) |
Adjusted ORs for abnormal AD biomarkers (CSF‐Aβ42 < 500 or CSF‐Aβ42/p‐tau <7.7) or cerebral small vessel disease. Results are presented both continuously (per SD increase in IMT) and categorically (by IMT quartiles). Small vessel disease was defined as white matter hyperintensity volume > median, presence of lacunar infarcts, and/or cerebral microbleeds. Number of positive events in the dependent variable and total number of individuals per model are presented in Supplementary Table 3.
Model 1: age. Model 2: age, sex, APOE ε4, and education. Model 3: age, sex, APOE ε4, education, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, smoking, diabetes mellitus, blood pressure‐lowering medication, and lipid lowering medication. No individuals in the subcohort had stroke at baseline.
Significance, as can be noted by the CI.
Aβ = amyloid β; AD = Alzheimer disease; CI = confidence interval; CSF = cerebrospinal fluid; IMT = intima media thickness; OR = odds ratio; p‐tau = phosphorylated tau; SD = standard deviation.