Table 1.
Characteristics of all included studies.
| Studies | Gene modification | Age | Gender | Diet | Route | Source Purity |
Study length | Dosage | Standardized dosage (BW)∗ | Quantification of atherosclerotic lesion | Detection of biochemical indicators | Included groups and sample sizes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coban 2012 | APOE−/− | 8 w | Male | HFD | Chow | Sigma ≥98% |
16 w | 2000 mg/kg/d dietary | 300 mg/kg | Aortic sinus stained with Oil Red O | Lipid markers (Tc, TG) | Model control, n = 15 Curcumin, n = 15 |
| Hasan 2014 | LDLR−/− | 8 w | Male | HFD | Chow | Sigma ≥98% |
16 w | 500 mg/kg/d dietary | 75 mg/kg | Whole aorta stained with Oil Red O | Lipid markers (Tc, TG, HDL) Inflammation markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) |
Model control, n = 24 Curcumin low, n = 24 Curcumin medium, n = 24 Curcumin high, n = 24 |
| 1000 mg/kg/d dietary | 150 mg/kg | Whole aorta stained with Oil Red O | ||||||||||
| 1500 mg/kg/d dietary | 225 mg/kg | Whole aorta stained with Oil Red O | ||||||||||
| Li 2019 | APOE−/− | 8 w | Male | HFD | i.v. | Sigma ≥98% |
30 d | 2 mg/kg/3d BW | 3.3 mg/kg | Thoracic aorta stained with Oil Red O | Lipid markers (Tc, TG, LDL) | Model control, n = 10 Curcumin-liposomes, n = 10 |
| Meng 2019 | APOE−/− | 8 w | Male | HFD | i.v. | / | 6w | 10 mg/kg/d BW | 16.7 mg/kg | Whole aorta stained with Oil Red O | Lipid markers (Tc, TG, HDL, LDL) Inflammation markers (TNF-α, IL-6) |
Model control, n = 6 Curcumin, n = 6 |
| Olszanecki 2005 |
APOE−/− LDLR−/− |
8 w | Female | HFD | Chow | Cayman Chemical ≥90% |
16 w | 0.3 mg/d/mouse BW | 10 mg/kg | Whole aorta stained with Oil Red O | Lipid markers (Tc, TG) | Model control, n = 10 Curcumin, n = 10 |
| Sawada 2012 | APOE−/− | 5 w | Male | NCD | Chow | Wako Pure Chemical Industries ≥90% |
15 w | 5000 mg/kg/d dietary | 750 mg/kg | Whole aorta stained with Sudan III | / | Model control, n = 12 Curcumin, n = 12 |
| Shin 2014 | APOE−/− | 7 w | Male | HFD | Chow | Sigma ≥98% |
10 w | 50 mg/kg/d dietary | 75 mg/kg | Aortic arch stained with Oil Red O | Lipid markers (Tc, TG, HDL, LDL) Inflammation markers (TNF-α, IL-6) |
Model control, n = 9 Curcumin, n = 7 |
| Wan 2016 | APOE−/− | 6 w | Male | HFD | i.g. | Sigma ≥98% |
12 w | 40 mg/kg/d BW | 40 mg/kg | Aortic arch stained with HE | Lipid markers (Tc, TG, HDL, LDL) Inflammation markers (TNF-α, IL-6) |
Model control, n = 10 Curcumin low, n = 10 Curcumin medium, n = 10 Curcumin high, n = 10 |
| 60 mg/kg/d BW | 60 mg/kg | Aortic arch stained with HE | ||||||||||
| 80 mg/kg/d BW | 80 mg/kg | Aortic arch stained with HE | ||||||||||
| Zhang 2018 | APOE−/− | 9 w | Male | HFD | Chow | Sigma ≥98% |
16 w | 1000 mg/kg/d dietary | 150 mg/kg | Aortic sinus stained with Oil Red O | Inflammation markers (TNF-α, IL-1β) | Model control, n = 10 Curcumin, n = 10 |
| Zou 2018 | APOE−/− | 9 w | / | HFD | Chow | Sigma ≥98% |
16 w | 1000 mg/kg/d dietary | 150 mg/kg | Aortic sinus stained with Oil Red O | Lipid markers (Tc, TG, HDL, LDL) | Model control, n = 10 Curcumin, n = 10 |
HFD: high-fat diet; NCD: normal chow diet; i.v.: intravenous injection; i.g.: oral gavage; HE: hematoxylin-eosin; ∗Standardized dosage as Sharma [17] has reported.