Table 2.
Metal concentrations (ppm) detected in 104 dermatome shave biopsies
| Metals in biopsies in the total materiala N = 104 | Mean concentration in biopsies (range) | Metals in biopsies from patients with cross‐sensitivity reaction N = 14 | Control values from human skin | Biopsies above max. control values | Mean concentrations in inks (range)b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fe | 104 | 100% | 42.93 (5.07‐216.05) | 14 | 100% | 9.0‐59c | 22 | 21% | 1608.7 (0.7‐88 443) |
| Cu | 102 | 98% | 3.48 (0.25‐35.01) | 13 | 93% | 0.35‐2.48c | 60 | 58% | 2317.8 (0.1‐31 310) |
| Cr | 96 | 92% | 2.17 (0.1‐24.57) | 13 | 93% | 0.16‐0.6c | 70 | 67% | 3.7 (0‐147.2) |
| Ti | 94 | 90% | 78.23 (0.02‐426.83) | 11 | 79% | 1.06‐27.7c | 49 | 47% | |
| Mn | 87 | 84% | 0.77 (0.05‐4.28) | 13 | 93% | 0.01‐6.1 ppbc | 87 | 84% | 2.4 (0.1‐98.8) |
| Ni | 70 | 67% | 1.05 (0.02‐7.75) | 11 | 79% | 0.08‐0.15c | 57 | 54% | 0.7 (0‐9.6) |
| Cd | 55 | 53% | 0.32 (0.05‐1.24) | 8 | 57% | 0.02‐0.25c | 30 | 29% | 0.6 (0‐4.7) |
Abbreviations: Cd, cadmium; Cr, chromium; Cu, copper; Fe, iron; Mn, manganese; Ni, nickel; ppm, parts per million; Ti, titanium.
a
Samples under the limit of quantification of the analytical method were not included in the results shown in the table.
b
Concentrations of elements in tattoo inks.22