Table 1.
Characteristics and outcome of pregnancies complicated by early‐onset fetal growth restriction in GRIT and TRUFFLE studies, overall and according to intervention and monitoring strategy
| Parameter | GRIT | TRUFFLE | Total (n = 740) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Immediate delivery (n = 121) | Delayed delivery with monitoring by: | Delayed delivery with monitoring by: | ||||
| CTG without STV (n = 62) | cCTG with STV (n = 55) | cCTG with STV (n = 165) | cCTG with STV and DV Doppler (n = 337) | |||
| Nulliparous | 74 (61) | 33 (53) | 33 (60) | 100 (61) | 218 (65) | 458 (62) |
| GA at inclusion (weeks) | 29.5 (28.5–31.0) | 29.5 (28.5–31.5) | 29.5 (28.5–30.5) | 29.2 (27.9–30.1) | 29.2 (27.9–30.4) | 29.5 (28.1–30.5) |
| Interval to delivery (days)* | 0 (0–1) | 4 (2–8) | 2 (1–8) | 7 (2–17) | 8 (3–17) | 5 (1–14) |
| Umbilical artery ARED flow | ||||||
| At inclusion* | 85 (70) | 44 (71) | 37 (67) | 61 (37) | 147 (44) | 374 (51) |
| At any time | 85 (70) | 44 (71) | 37 (67) | 94 (57) | 210 (62) | 470 (64) |
| Fetal death | 2 (2) | 3 (5) | 3 (5) | 2 (1) | 10 (3) | 20 (3) |
| Live birth | 119 (98) | 59 (95) | 52 (95) | 163 (99) | 327 (97) | 720 (97) |
| GA at delivery (weeks) | 30.5 (28.6–31.5) | 30.6 (29.0–32.4) | 30.7 (29.6–31.6) | 30.6 (29.0–32.0) | 30.7 (29.3–32.3) | 30.6 (29.1–31.9) |
| Birth weight (g) | 880 (740–1100) | 920 (745–1085) | 928 (733–1068) | 965 (800–1115) | 990 (806–1200) | 953 (780–1160) |
| Birth‐weight Z‐score | –3.3 (–3.9 to –2.4) | –3.3 (–4.3 to –2.7) | –3.5 (–4.1 to –2.8) | –3.3 (–3.8 to –2.7) | –3.3 (–3.8 to –2.8) | –3.3 (–3.8 to –2.8) |
| Neonatal death* | 23 (19) | 11 (18) | 4 (7) | 10 (6) | 17 (5) | 65 (9) |
| Late death† | 3 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 1 (1) | 1 (0.3) | 6 (1) |
| Evaluated at 2 years | 91 (75) | 45 (73) | 46 (84) | 131 (79) | 271 (80) | 584 (79) |
| Severe impairment‡, § | 4/91 (4) | 2/45 (4) | 1/46 (2) | 6/131 (5) | 3/271 (1) | 16/584 (3) |
| Abnormal development§ | 8/91 (9) | 4/45 (9) | 3/46 (7) | 20/131 (15) | 19/271 (7) | 54/584 (9) |
| Alive with normal development at 2 years*, ¶ | 83/119 (70 (61–78)) | 41/59 (69 (57–82)) | 43/54 (80 (68–91)) | 111/144 (77 (70–84)) | 252/299 (84 (80–89)) | 530/675 (79 (75–82)) |
Data are given as n (%), median (interquartile range), n/N (%) or n/N (% (95% CI)).
*
Distribution differed between groups (Kruskal–Wallis test or Pearson chi‐square; P < 0.05).
†
Defined as death after first discharge and before 2 years of age.
‡
Severe hearing or vision impairment or cerebral palsy.
§
Percentage of infants evaluated at 2 years.
¶
Percentage of all infants with known outcome.
ARED, absent/reversed end‐diastolic; CTG, cardiotocography; cCTG, computerized CTG; DV, ductus venosus; GA, gestational age; STV, short‐term variation in fetal heart rate.