Translational regulation of rpoS by CyaR-ArcZ interaction in vivo. (A) Overnight cultures of PM1409 (WT), ΔcyaR, ΔarcZ, or ΔcyaRΔarcZ were diluted 1:100 in LB medium. Cells were grown at 37°C for 4 h and induced with 0.002% arabinose. The culture was incubated further for 2 h and LacZ activity was measured. (B) WT or ΔcyaR were transformed with pArcZ. The overnight cultures were diluted 1:100 and grown at 37°C. Arabinose of 0.002% and 0.1 mM IPTG were added at 2 h and 3.5 h after 1/100 dilution, respectively, and the culture was incubated further for 0.5 h. LacZ activity was measured. Values are means ± SD; n = 3; ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, by student’s t-test. ΔcyaR, PM1409ΔcyaR; ΔarcZ, PM1409ΔarcZ; ΔcyaRΔarcZ, PM1409ΔcΔa.