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Mechanism of action of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors.
MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; JNK, c-Jun N terminal kinase; IKK, inhibitor of kappa B kinase; IκB, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor; NF-κB, nuclear facor-κB; AP-1, activator protein- 1; MLKL, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein. Modified from Nakase H. To master the optimal therapy for ulcerative colitis. Tokyo: Igakutokangosha Co., Ltd., 2018, with permission.2
