Table 3.
Unit Root Tests
| Variables | ADF Test Statistic | P-P Test Statistic | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level | First Difference | Level | First Difference | |
| Rpov | 0.914 | −3.848*** | 0.51 | −3.647*** |
| Agri | − 1.997 | −5.551*** | −2.012 | −33.952*** |
| Lab | −6.545*** | −10.206*** | −6.556*** | −33.952*** |
| Rem | −1.710 | −5.741*** | −5.746*** | −5.746*** |
| Govex | −0.133 | −5.396*** | −5.406*** | −5.406*** |
| Eduex | −3.275** | −4.489*** | −2.525 | −4.281*** |
Notes: Govex presents a log of government expenditure in (current US $). Superscripts **, **denote statistical significance at the 1% and 5% levels, respectively.