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. 2020 Jan 15;10:3090. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03090

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Copyright © 2020 Bell, Lenhart, Rosenwald, Monoranu and Berberich-Siebelt.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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eLFs of brain and spinal cord exhibit more CD4⁺CD69⁺ cells. (A–D) Consecutive IF co-staining of CD4 and CD69 in follicle-like structures of SPMS brains and spinal cords. Inserts show co-localization of CD4⁺ cells with CD69 suggesting tissue-resident T cells in a representative meningeal eLF of SPMS spinal cord (same region as Figures 3, 4E–H, 5). Scale bar indicate 100 μm, scale bars of the inserts indicate 10 μm. (E) Percentage of tissue-resident cells defined as CD4⁺CD69⁺ cells of CD4⁺ cells in follicle-like structures (F+) and less defined infiltrates (F-) in SPMS brains and spinal cords. F-, 5.70, SD = 10.67, n = 38; F+, M = 7.92, SD = 9.39, n = 32; Mann Whitney test, U = 434.0, p = 0.028.