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. 2020 Jan 15;9:467. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00467

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Copyright © 2020 Aardema, Lisotto, Kurilshikov, Diepeveen, Friedrich, Sinha, de Smet and Harmsen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The boxplot shows the results of the association analysis of the gut microbiota in ICU patients over time. In the top row a selection of beneficial butyrate-producing gut bacteria (for details, cf. Supplementary Material 6) show a significant decrease during the stay at the intensive care unit. In the bottom row we show bacteria that significantly increase during hospitalization of which Enterococcus is considered a pathobiont while the other two are regarded as beneficial to gut health. In the analysis, only taxa remaining after application of FDR < 0.05 are considered significant and the p-value of the quadratic component of the model is depicted in the headings.