Figure 3.

Effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on urinary estrone conjugates (E1c) and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (Pdg). Daily morning urine was assayed for E1c and Pdg, normalized to creatinine. Cycles were aligned based on the day of luteal transition (Day 0). Data are from normal weight (NW) women (blue; n = 7) and obese women (red; n = 10). For each hormone, NW and obese subjects are compared in the baseline month (A and D, respectively) and post omega-3 supplementation (B and E, respectively). Error bars indicate standard error of the mean for group composites. Panels C and F represent data for area under the curve (AUC) depicted as area at baseline (solid bars) and post omega-3 supplementation (hashed bars) by menstrual cycle phase. *P = .03. Data are medians; error bars indicate interquartile range (IQR).