Effect of the AHLs (1 μM) on lactate accumulation (percent in comparison to control cultures) in cariogenic (A), commensal (B), and periodontal (C) biofilms. The increase observed when the signal OC18-HSL is added to commensal and periodontal model biofilms was confirmed in a second independent experiment. Data are presented as means ± standard deviations (SD) (n = 4). A significant difference in comparison to untreated controls is indicated as follows: *, Welch’s test, P < 0.05; **, Welch´s test, P < 0.01.