FIG 3.

Production of acetate, succinate, and propionate through time by 2 human-associated Akkermansia strains grown on purified hog gastric mucin (1%) in the absence of vitamins (A and D), with ATCC MD-VS supplementation (1% [vol/vol] vitamin solution in medium, with vitamin B₁₂ at a final concentration of 1 μg/liter medium) (B and E), and with vitamin B₁₂ as cyanocobalamin (100 μg/liter) (C and F). All values were averaged from four replicates, and error bars represent the standard deviations. Background levels of organic acids present in the culture medium were subtracted from calculated averages when necessary.