Table 2.
Review of the studies about FMT in HSCT patients.
| Study | Patients | Route of administration | Main results | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PREEMPTIVE | ARB | Bilinski102 | 20 with blood disorders colonized with ARB | Nasoduodenal tube | 60% of patients achieved complete ARB decolonization at 1 month after FMT |
| Innes103 | 1 in preparation for HSCT for Ph+ ALL | Nasogastric tube | Repeat rectal screening 7 days after FMT showed no evidence of GES-5 K. oxytoca CPE or C. difficile. By day +16 after FMT, neither CPE nor ESBL was detected on rectal screening swabs | ||
| Battipaglia104 | 10 colonized by multidrug-resistant bacteria in preparation for HSCT | Enema or nasogastric tube | Decolonization was achieved in 7 out of 10 patients. No serious adverse events were reported; 1 case of grade III gut aGvHD occurred after FMT performed before HSCT | ||
| Dysbiosis | Taur105 | 25 HSCTs with high pre-HSCT microbial diversity and without rCDI | Enema | 14 patients revealed boosted microbial diversity after FMT and reestablished the intestinal microbiota composition they had before antibiotic treatment and allo-HSCT | |
| DeFelilpp106 | 13 HSCTs for AML, MDS, NHL, CML | Oral capsules | Improving intestinal microbiome diversity associated with expansion of stool-donor taxa; 1 treatment-related abdominal pain. Two patients subsequently developed gut aGvHD, one patient presented concurrent bacteremia | ||
| Therapeutic | rCDI | Neemann107 | 1 HSCT for ALL | Nasojejunal tube | Patient symptoms resolved within 48 h and did not show signs of recurrence in 2 months of follow up |
| De Castro108 | 1 HSCT for ALL | Push enteroscopy | Patient symptoms resolved within 48 h without any adverse effects, and no recurrence of symptoms in 10 months after the FMT | ||
| Mittal109 | 1 auto-HSCT for B-cell lymphoma | Enema | Resolution of symptoms. After 6 months, the rCDI recurred and was treated successfully with another FMT | ||
| Webb110 | 7 HSCTs | Nasojejunal tube | Six patients (85.7%) had no recurrence after the first FMT. One patient needed two FMTs to reach the absence of recurrence | ||
| Bluestone111 | 3 HSCTs for AML, DiGeorge Syndrome and Hurler Syndrome | Nasogastric tube and colonoscopy | In three patients, the infection resolved but, in two patients, the rCDI recurred and required additional FMT | ||
| Moss112 | 8 HSCTs for AML, ALL, NHL, DLBCL | Oral capsules | All the patients treated achieved resolution in 8 weeks, and only 1 had a recurrence | ||
| Steroid R-D Gut aGvHD | Kakihana113 | 4 HSCTs for AML. Grade II-IV GvHD | Nasoduodenal tube | All patients responded to FMT, 3 had a complete response and 1 a partial response within 7–14 days; in 3 cases, a second FMT was needed | |
| Spindelboeck114 | 3 HCSTs for AML and MDS. Grade IV GvHD | Instillation into the terminal ileum and cecum via colonoscopy | Two patients achieved complete response with multiple FMTs while the third obtained a partial response still presenting a grade I GvHD after one course of FMT | ||
| Qi115 | 8 HSCTs for AML, ALL, CML, MDS. Grade IV gut GvHD | Nasoduodenal tube | All patient symptoms were relieved; 5 of them achieved complete response and had no recurrence | ||
| Von Lier116 | 15 HSCTs | Nasoduodenal tube | 11 patients showed a complete remission; however, 5 relapsed during cortisone therapy tapering | ||
| Kaito117 | 1 HSCT for Ph+ ALL | Oral capsules | Digestive symptoms improved soon after the initiation of FMT; GvHD improved to stage 1 after the second cycle of FMT with improvement in the endoscopic findings | ||
| Zhang118 | 1 HSCT for AML | Nasoduodenal tube | Improvement of symptoms with 3 recurrences and the need for additional FMT |
ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; ARB, antibiotic resistant bacteria; CML, chronic myelogenous leukemia; DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; FMT, fecal microbiotic transplantation; HSCT, hematopoietic stem-cells transplantation; MDS, myelodysplastic syndromes; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; Ph, Philadelphia; rCDI, recurrent Clostridium difficile infections; Steroid r-d gut aGvHD, steroid refractory or resistant gut acute GvHD.