Table 2.
SLR research scope based on the application of the PICOC framework to the determined objectives.
| Concept | Definition according to Booth et al. [12] | SLR application |
|---|---|---|
| Population | The research work dealing with ecosystem services in mountainous regions. | Scientific research work on ecosystem services from mountainous regions. Mainly on ecosystem services such as regulating, supporting, cultural and provisioning services, as well as ecosystem services trade-offs/synergies. |
| Intervention | Existing techniques utilized to address the problem identified. | Indicating the gaps that need further research work: for instance, developing an appropriate methodology for ecosystem services that lack methods, integrate ecosystem service studies with human well-being, to study trade-offs between multiple ecosystem services, cover the unstudied mountain regions, less studied MES indicators like pest regulation, pollination, disease regulation. |
| Comparison | Techniques to contrast the intervention used to measure the ecosystem services against each other. | Difference between the different methods applied to quantify/value/map various MES. |
| Outcome(s) | Measure to assess the knowledge and gaps mentioned in the selected publications in MES studies. | Existing knowledge on MES such as the most/least studied MES, categories of MES, the methods and model approach used, data types, purpose and the scale of the studies. Mentioned gaps: limitation related to methodological, modeling, data quality, and lack of studies on trade-offs/synergies. |
| Context | The particular settings or areas of the population. | Trends of MES research, existing knowledge in MES studies, the challenges and gaps in MES, the geographical distribution of existed studies, Study distribution based on categories of MES assessed. |