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Summary of SLD LPS effects on macrophage polarization with remediation by 4-PBA. Chronic SLD LPS treatment leads to accumulation of pro-inflammatory mediators p62 and ccl2 coupled with simultaneous inhibition of homeostatic mediators Nrf2 and slc40a1. Addition of 4-PBA is able to reduce SLD LPS–induced p62 and restore Nrf2 leading to decreased ccl2 and increased slc40a1 expression.
