Fig. 1.

Plasma levels of IL-27 in the patient groups. a shows plasma levels of IL-27 in patients with HIV infection with febrile symptoms but without malaria (n = 58), patients with falciparum malaria without (n = 61) and with HIV infection (n = 70). b shows plasma levels of IL-27 during baseline and follow-up that were available in 49 patients with HIV infection without malaria and in patients with falciparum malaria without (n = 6) and with HIV infection (n = 22) at admission (before) and 48 h thereafter (after). Data are given as median and 25-75th percentiles. **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 versus HIV without malaria. ##p < 0.01 versus levels at admission. The horizontal dashed line and shaded area represent median levels and 25-75th percentiles in healthy controls (n = 52). IL-27 levels were significantly raised compared with levels in controls in all three groups of patients (p < 0.001 for all comparisons)