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. 2020 Jan 21;18:18. doi: 10.1186/s12951-020-0576-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Au@Ag treatments decrease the number of proliferating cancer cells in fibroblast-rich tumour microdomains. High number of Ki67-positive cells can be identified in the alphaSMA-positive fibroblast-rich microdomains in saline-treated 4T1 tumours, while the number of proliferating tumour cells is markedly lower in the Au@Ag-treated tumours (a). In saline-treated tumours, a positive correlation can be identified between the numbers of Ki67- and alphaSMA-positive cells indicating that there is a noticeably higher proliferation activity in the fibroblast-rich regions of the cancerous tissue. On the other hand, loss of the positive correlation between Ki67- and alphaSMA-positive cells can be identified in Au@Ag-treated tumours, since the nanoparticle treatment decreased the number of Ki67-positive cells without influencing the number of infiltrated cancer-associated fibroblasts (b)