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. 2020 Jan 22;17:30. doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-1703-1

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© The Author(s). 2020

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Biosynthetic pathways of arachidonic acid-mediated prostaglandins (PGs). PGH₂ is generated from arachidonic acid by enzymatic reactions of COX-1 or COX-2, and is further metabolized into PGE₂, PGD₂, PGI₂, or TXA₂ by specific synthases. When dehydrated, PGE₂ is converted into PGA₂ and PGB₂, and PGD₂ is converted into PGJ₂. PGJ₂ can further be isomerized into 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ₂ (15d-PGJ₂). TXA₂ is rapidly hydrolyzed into TXB₂

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