VPPV neurons promote relapse via VTA. A, Cre-dependent inhibitory hM4Di was applied to VP of PV-Cre rats and hM4Di applied to LH of the same animals. B, Locations of hM4Di expression shown for all animals at 10% opacity. C, Chemogenetic disconnection of VPPV→LH pathway had no effect on renewal, reacquisition, or locomotor activity. D, Cre-dependent inhibitory hM4Di was applied to VP of PV-Cre rats and hM4Di also applied to VTA of the same animals. E, Locations of hM4Di expression shown for all animals at 10% opacity. F, Chemogenetic disconnection of VPPV→VTA pathway reduced renewal and reacquisition but not locomotor activity. *p < 0.05.