Table 5. Adjusted analysis of maximum likelihood and odds ratio estimates for cyberbullying victimization among students in the past 12 months (N = 412) [Model I✡].
| Maximum likelihood estimates | OR estimates | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | df | Estimate(B) | SE | Wald χ2 | P value | Parame-ter | AOR | 95% CI |
| Age [completed years] (mean = 2.67, SD = 1.22) | ||||||||
| >21 | 1 | 0.18 | 0.28 | 0.44 | 0.510 | vs. ≤21 | 1.20 | 0.70–2.06 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 1 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 1.21 | 0.270 | vs. Male | 1.29 | 0.82–2.02 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married | 1 | 0.15 | 0.45 | 0.11 | 0.740 | vs. Single | 1.16 | 0.48–2.83 |
| Total year(s) of study (mean = 2.67, SD = 1.22) | ||||||||
| ≤3 | 1 | 0.59 | 0.23 | 6.42 | 0.011 | vs. >3 | 1.81 | 1.14–2.85 |
| Residence | ||||||||
| Other | 1 | 0.33 | 0.27 | 1.52 | 0.218 | vs. Magway | 1.39 | 0.82–2.34 |
| Facebook usage | ||||||||
| Yes | 1 | 0.62 | 0.95 | 0.43 | 0.514 | vs. No | 1.86 | 0.29–11.91 |
| Other social media usage§ | ||||||||
| Yes | 1 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.73 | 0.392 | vs. No | 1.21 | 0.79–1.86 |
| Average hour(s) per day spent on social media (mean = 2.88, SD = 1.83) | ||||||||
| 1 to 2 | 1 | -0.27 | 0.31 | 0.74 | 0.391 | vs. ≤1 | 0.77 | 0.41–1.41 |
| >2 | 1 | -0.30 | 0.29 | 0.01 | 0.918 | vs. ≤1 | 0.97 | 0.55–1.70 |
| Witnessed psychological, physical or sexual violence, or cyberbullying | ||||||||
| Yes | 1 | 1.08 | 0.35 | 9.35 | 0.002 | vs. No | 2.95 | 1.48–5.91 |
§Other social media usage: usage of Instagram or YouTube or Viber or WeChat or Bee Talk or Twitter
✡ Model I adjusted for age, sex, marital status, total year(s) of study, residence, Facebook usage, other social media usage, average hour(s) per day spent on social media, and witnessing psychological, physical or sexual violence, or cyberbullying in their neighborhoods.