Table 5. Safety and efficacy of EUS-guided fiducial placement in pancreatobiliary malignancies.
| Study | Type of study | Number of pancreatobiliary cases | Prophylactic antibiotic use N (%) | Technical success N (%) | Adverse events (n) |
| Pishvaian et al (2006) 16 | Prospective | 13 | 5 (38.5 %) | 11 (85 %) | Cholangitis (1) |
| Kothary et al (2009) 9 | Retrospective | 95 | Not reported | 94 (97.9 %) | Minor bleeding (3), fiducial migration (2) |
| Varadarajulu et al (2010) 19 | Retrospective | 9 | None | 9 (100 %) | None |
| Park et al (2010) 20 | Prospective | 57 | 57 (100 %) | 56 (98 %) | Minor bleeding (1) |
| Sanders et al (2010) 12 | Prospective | 51 | 51 (100 %) | 46 (90 %) | Mild pancreatitis (1) |
| Ammar et al (2010) 21 | Case Series | 13 | 13 (100 %) | 13 (100 %) | None |
| Khashab et al (2012) 22 | Retrospective | 39 | 39 (100 %) | 39 (100 %) | None |
| Dimaio et al (2010) 17 | Retrospective | 10 (remaining 20 cases were esophageal) | 6 (out of total 30 cases) | 10 (100 %) | Fever with transaminitis (1) (No prophylactic antibiotic) |
| Majumdar et al (2013) 13 | Retrospective | 39 (out of total 77) | 39 (100 %) | 39 (100 %) | Pain (3), mild pancreatitis (1), fiducial migration (4) |
| Choi et al (2014) 23 | Retrospective | 32 | 32 (100 %) | 32 (100 %) | Mild pancreatitis (1) |
| Dhadham et al (2016) 18 | Retrospective | 188 | Not reported | 187 (99.5 %) | Minor bleeding (7), fiducial migration (3) |
| Machicado et al (2019) 24 | Prospective | 44 | Not reported | 42 (95.5 %) | Pain (19), Nausea and/or vomiting (9) |
| Current study | Retrospective | 355 | 304 (85.6 %) | 355 (100 %) | Pain (7), fever (5), minor (2) and major bleeding (1), pancreatitis (3), cholangitis (1), Bacteremia (1), septic shock (1) |
EUS, endoscopic ultrasound