Table 2. Systemic therapy in patients with brain metastasis from renal cell carcinoma.
| Type of treatment | Patient number | Treatment line | Combination with SRS | ORR% | DCR% | PFS (m) | OS (m) | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sunitinib | 16+22 | 1st | 22 | 0 | 31 | 2.3 | 6.3/11.1* | (20,21) |
| Sorafenib | 29 | 1st | 29 | NA | NA | NA | 11.1* | (21) |
| Cabozantinib | 12 | 2nd | 5 | 50 | 75 | 5.8 | 8.8 | (22) |
| Nivolumab | 73 | 2nd+ | 34 | 12 | 25 | 2.7–4.8 | Not reached | (23) |
*, in patients, receiving combined therapy with radiation. SRS, stereotactic radio-surgery; ORR, overall response rate; DCR, disease control rate; PFS, progression free survival; OS, overall survival; m, months.