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. 2020 Jan 22;10:936. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-57963-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Attenuated left-hemisphere alpha connectivity was related to greater intrusion symptoms. (A) Topography of alpha power, maximally distributed over occipitoparietal electrodes. Intracranial sources of alpha power were localized to the striate/extrastriate visual cortices (e.g., maximum in the cuneus; x, y, z = −10, −80, 10). (B) Spectra of left-hemisphere Granger causality for participants with high vs. low intrusive re-experiencing symptoms (median split), demonstrating reduced alpha (8–12 Hz) posterior→frontal connectivity in high-intrusion participants. The opposite, frontal→posterior GC was minimal and equivalent for the two groups. Shaded ribbons = standard error of the mean (SEM). (C) Negative correlation between alpha connectivity and intrusive re-experiencing symptoms, controlling for depression symptoms (BDI scores), in the olfactory (red) and full (black) samples. Solid circles reflect participants with a diagnosis of PTSD. P→F = posterior→frontal; F→P = frontal→posterior.