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. 2020 Jan 22;10:904. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-57204-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The visual crowding measures in Exp. 3 were significantly correlated (Pearson’s r = 0.86, p < 0.001, n = 18) in the controlled and uncontrolled laboratory settings where 18 participants successfully completed the visual crowding experiment both in the lab with a physical chinrest and using the Virtual Chinrest on a laptop in their desired position and distance. Visual crowding effects increased as the eccentricity of the target increased (mean = 1.228° at 4° and mean = 1.811° at 6°, t_(9.08) = −5_.122, p < 0.001 by Welch’s two sample t-test), confirming conventional eccentricity-dependent crowding effects.