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. 2020 Jan 22;11:431. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14285-1

Fig. 6. Intermediates or precursors of amino acids including arginine can compensate for amino acid absence in osteoclastogenesis.

Fig. 6

a Urea cycle metabolites can/cannot rescue arginine requirements in osteoclastogenesis in Arg-Free media (n = 4). b Schematic demonstrating which amino acids are essential (white) versus non-essential (pink) for osteoclastogenesis. Star relates to TRAP-positivity with decreased occurrence of MGCs (n = 4). c Immediate intermediates of leucine, isoleucine and phenylalanine degradation compensate for the lack of these amino acids and rescue osteoclastogenesis. Representative TRAP stainings are shown (n = 4). aKIC alpha-ketoisocaproate, Ile isoleucine, KIle ketoisoleucine, Leu leucine, Phe phenylalanine, PP phenylpyruvate. Scale bar represents 200 µm. Data are mean ± SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.