Table 1. Characteristics of study participants.
| LDL-C categories |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Low (LDL-C < 160) | High (LDL-C ≥ 160) | |
| Men | Number of subjects | 2240 | 319 |
| Age, years (s.d) | 55.7 (13.4) | 56.6 (12.1) | |
| LDL-C, mg/dL (s.d) | 115.8 (26.7) | 178.2 (17.2) | |
| HDL-C, mg/dL (s.d) | 49.4 (13.5) | 46.6 (10.6) | |
| Non-HDL-C, mg/dL (s.d) | 144.1 (29.1) | 206.8 (20.4) | |
| BMI, kgm−2 (s.d) | 22.7 (2.9) | 23.5 (2.8) | |
| Waist circumference, cm (s.d) | 82.4 (8.1) | 84.0 (7.8) | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (s.d) | 128.2 (20.9) | 129.6 (20.0) | |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (s.d) | 79.0 (12.2) | 80.3 (11.1) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 723 (32.3) | 117 (36.7) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 130 (5.8) | 21 (6.6) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | |||
| Never smoker | 420 (18.8) | 63 (19.8) | |
| Current smoker | 1124 (50.2) | 154 (48.3) | |
| Ex-smoker | 664 (29.6) | 97 (30.4) | |
| Unknown | 32 (1.4) | 5 (1.6) | |
| Drinking, n (%) | |||
| Never drinker | 453 (20.2) | 83 (26.0) | |
| Current drinker | 1671 (74.6) | 216 (67.7) | |
| Ex-drinker | 86 (3.8) | 16 (5.0) | |
| Unknown | 30 (1.3) | 4 (1.3) | |
| Women | Number of subjects | 2223 | 625 |
| Age, years (s.d) | 52.5 (13.1) | 58.7 (10.0) | |
| LDL-C, mg/dL (s.d) | 120.9 (23.7) | 183.9 (22.8) | |
| HDL-C, mg/dL (s.d) | 57.4 (13.7) | 53.9 (12.1) | |
| Non-HDL-C, mg/dL (s.d) | 141.2 (27.8) | 208.8 (28.1) | |
| BMI, kgm−2 (s.d) | 22.0 (3.2) | 23.1 (3.3) | |
| Waist circumference, cm (s.d) | 76.5 (10.1) | 80.4 (10.1) | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (s.d) | 122.4 (21.5) | 130.7 (21.0) | |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (s.d) | 74.2 (11.8) | 78.5 (11.6) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 511 (23.0) | 238 (38.1) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 69 (3.1) | 30 (4.8) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | |||
| Never smoker | 1826 (82.1) | 505 (80.8) | |
| Current smoker | 269 (12.1) | 70 (11.2) | |
| Ex-smoker | 80 (3.6) | 23 (3.7) | |
| Unknown | 48 (2.2) | 27 (4.3) | |
| Drinking, n (%) | |||
| Never drinker | 1389 (62.5) | 428 (68.5) | |
| Current drinker | 748 (33.7) | 166 (26.6) | |
| Ex-drinker | 41 (1.8) | 8 (1.3) | |
| Unknown | 45 (2.0) | 23 (3.7) | |
LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, s.d: standard deviation, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, BMI: body mass index