Figure 2.

Ecological Bistability of Plant-Pollinator Systems

Bistable states of plant and pollinator population dynamics can be induced by changes in resource availability (A and B) and environmental disturbance (C–F) through vegetation-pollinator feedbacks. Curves are drawn for different combinations of parameter values. Stable states are indicated by black, red, and blue lines, and unstable states are denoted by gray, pink, and light blue lines. The default values of other model parameters are summarized in the methods.