legend: A) Caspase-3 and B) Caspase-12 activity in ARPE-19 cells. Cells were treated with 1 μl/ml dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); 0.5 mM taurohyodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA); 10 μg/ml tunicamycin (TM) and 10 μg/ml TM + 0.5 mM TUDCA for 24 h. All values are mean ± SD. Data shown are representative of 7–8 separate experiments. Statistical analysis was by One Way Analysis of Variance and all pairwise multiple comparison procedures were done by Tukey test. *, p < 0,001 vs. control, DMSO and TUDCA. #p < 0,001 vs. TM. C-D) Representative Immunofluorescent staining of cleaved caspase −3 and caspase −12 in ARPE-19 cells, respectively. E-F) Quantitation of fluorescence staining was estimated by ImageJ software. Data shown are representative of 3 separate experiments and values are given as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed by One Way Analysis of Variance and all pairwise multiple comparison procedures done by Tukey test. *, p < 0,001 vs. Control, DMSO, TUDCA and TM + TUDCA. #, p < 0,001 vs. Control, DMSO, TUDCA.