Table 5.

Symptoms and signs associated with diabetic autonomic neuropathy

CAN	Gastrointestinal	Urogenital	Sudomotor
Resting tachycardia	Gastroparesis (Gastropathy)	Bladder dysfunction	Dry skin
Abnormal blood pressure regulation Nondipping Reverse dipping	Nausea Bloating Loss of appetite Early satiety Postprandial vomiting Brittle diabetes	Frequency Urgency Nocturia Hesitancy Weak stream Dribbling Urinary incontinence Urinary retention	Anhidrosis Gustatory sweating
Orthostatic hypotension (all with standing)	Esophageal dysfunction	Male sexual dysfunction
Light-headedness Weakness Faintness Visual impairment Syncope	Heartburn Dysphagia for solids	Erectile dysfunction Decreased libido Abnormal ejaculation
Orthostatic tachycardia or bradycardia and chronotropic incompetence (all with standing)	Diabetic diarrhea	Female sexual dysfunction
Light-headedness Weakness Faintness Dizziness Visual impairment Syncope	Profuse and watery diarrhea Fecal incontinence May alternate with constipation	Decreased sexual desire Increased pain during intercourse Decreased sexual arousal Inadequate lubrication
Exercise intolerance	Constipation
	May alternate with explosive diarrhea