Table 5.

Strategies for overcoming the genetic barriers in potato

Strategies	Genetic resources involved	Target traits	References
Somatic hybridization	S. bulbocastanum and S. × michoacanum	late blight resistance	Helgeson et al. 1998, Symda et al. 2013
	S. tarnii	potato virus Y (PVY), late blight and root knot nematode	Austin et al. 1993, Thieme et al. 2008
	S. brevidens	tuber soft root and early blight	Austin et al. 1986, Tek et al. 2004
	S. commersonii	bacterial wilt	Laferriere et al. 1999
	S. verrucosum	potato leafroll virus (PLRV)	Carrasco et al. 2000
2n gametes	S. chacoense and S. sparsipilum	bacterial wilt resistance	Watanabe et al. 1992
	S. vernei and S. sparsipilum	potato cyst nematode	Ortiz et al. 1997
Bridge crossing	S. verrucosum (as bridging species), S. bulbocastanum, S. pinnatisectum, S. polyadenium, S. commersonii and S. circaeifolium	–	Yermishin et al. 2014, 2017
Gene cloning followed by transformation	S. bulbocastanum	late blight resistance gene	Song et al. 2003, Oosumi et al. 2009