Figure 1.
Effects of sepsis on the expression of PXR and its target DMEs. The expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-induced inflammatory macrophages is induced through the NF-κB and PKC-NF-κB pathways in sepsis. The increase in IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression inhibits the activation of PXR in hepatocytes, leading to the downregulation of the activity of DMEs and drug transporters such as Cyp3a4, P-gp and Mrp.