Excitatory renal reflex (ERR) induced by different chemicals and effects of sinoaortic denervation (SAD) on capsaicin-induced ERR as evaluated by the reflex changes in contralateral renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR). A Effects of renal infusion of capsaicin (1 nmol/min), bradykinin (0.5 nmol/min), adenosine (0.5 nmol/min), ATP (1.5 nmol/min), and Ang II (0.01 nmol/min) for 20 min. B Effects of bilateral SAD on the ERR. Renal infusion of vehicle or capsaicin was carried out 1 h after sham operation (Sham) or bilateral SAD. Values are the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs Vehicle. n = 6 per group.