Table 3. Research self-efficacy predicts publications for women and URM postdocs.
Incidence rate ratios (IRR) of first-author publications and relative mean change of first-author publication rates were calculated for respondents who identified as female or underrepresented minority (n = 1,211). The incident rate ratio (IRR) represents the change in the dependent variable in terms of a percentage increase or decrease, with the precise percentage determined by the amount the IRR is either above or below 1. In the pooled sample the IRR for female vs. male (URM vs. WR) is 0.87 (0.82), so there is a 13% (18%) decrease in the first author publications for females vs, males (URM vs. WR). Conversely, there was a 15% increase in the first author publications for every addition point on the self-efficacy scale. The relative mean change gives the percent increase (or decrease) in the response for every one-unit increase in the independent variable. In the pooled sample the percent decrease of first author publication rate for female vs. male (URM vs. WR) is 5% (20%). Conversely, there was a 21% increase in the first author publication rate for every addition point on the self-efficacy scale. Incidence rate ratios or relative mean change of research self-efficacy by subgroups of those identifying as male (n = 463), female (n = 748), well-represented (WR; n = 1,043) and underrepresented minority (URM; n = 168) were also calculated (last four rows of the table). All four subgroups showed a similar increase in the two dependent variables with respect to self-efficacy.
| First-author publications | First-author publication rate | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRR | 95% CI | p-value | Mean Change | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Pooled Sample | ||||||
| Female vs. Male | 0.87 | 0.81, 0.94 | 0.001 | 0.95 | 0.84, 1.07 | 0.27 |
| URM vs. WR | 0.82 | 0.73, 0.91 | 0.001 | 0.80 | 0.67, 0.95 | 0.012 |
| Research self-efficacy | 1.15 | 1.09, 1.21 | 0.000 | 1.21 | 1.13, 1.31 | 0.000 |
| Subgroups | ||||||
| Research self-efficacy for men only | 1.20 | 1.09, 1.31 | 0.000 | 1.23 | 1.08, 1.42 | 0.002 |
| Research self-efficacy for women only | 1.12 | 1.05, 1.19 | 0.001 | 1.21 | 1.09, 1.32 | 0.000 |
| Research self-efficacy for WR only |
1.15 | 1.09, 1.23 | 0.000 | 1.23 | 1.17, 1.31 | 0.000 |
| Research self-efficacy for URM only |
1.11 | 0.95, 1.28 | 0.196 | 1.22 | 1, 1.49 | 0.048 |