Endometriosis mice showed (a) persistent mechanical abdominal hypersensitivity that (b) was localized in the caudal abdominal area but not detectable in distant areas (hind paw). Mechanical sensitivity is represented by the area under the curve of frequency of response to von Frey filaments. Higher values mean higher mechanical pain. Mice receiving endometrial implants also showed (c) increased nocifensive behavior, (d) anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze test and (e) cognitive impairment in the novel object recognition task. (f) From left to right: cysts were recovered from endometriosis mice, were filled with fluid (scale bar = 1 mm), contained endometrial epithelium and stroma (scale bar = 100 μm) and were innervated by beta-III tubulin-labeled fibers (scale bar = 100 μm, blue is DAPI and white is β-III tubulin). Error bars are mean ± SEM. One-way repeated measures ANOVA + Bonferroni (a and b) and Student t-test (c, d and e). *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 vs sham. ##p<0.01, ###p<0.001 vs baseline. Endo, endometriosis, AUC, area under the curve.
Figure 1—source data 1. Effects of ectopic endometrium.