Table 2.
Timing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and ART modifications among 73 infants identified as HIV-infected within 48 h of life.
| Characteristic | Total (N = 73) | Initiated ART <48 h (N = 46) | Initiated ART 2–14 days (N = 27) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at ART start in days of life | ||||
| Range | 0–14 | 0–2 | 2–14 | |
| Mean (SD) | 3.0 (3.2) | 1.0 (0.5) | 6.4 (2.9) | |
| Median (IQR) | 1.0 (1.0–5.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 6.0 (4.0–8.0) | |
| Age at ART start in hours since birth | ||||
| Range | 8.1–48.0* | |||
| Mean (SD) | 25.1 (10.5) | |||
| Median (IQR) | 24.0 (18.1–30.5) | |||
| Initial regimen, N (%) | ||||
| Nevirapine/Lamivudine/Zidovudine§ | 72 (98.6) | 46 (100.0) | 26 (96.3) | 0.370 |
| Lopinavir-ritonavir/Lamivudine/Zidovudine | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.7) | |
| Lopinavir-ritonavir status in 48 weeks of follow-up, N (%) | ||||
| Lost before age to switch | 3 (4.1) | 3 (6.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.410 |
| Initiated on lopinavir-ritonavir | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.7) | |
| Switched to lopinavir-ritonavir in first 28 days | 34 (46.6) | 21 (45.7) | 13 (48.2) | |
| Switched to lopinavir-ritonavir after 28 days | 35 (48.9) | 22 (47.8) | 13 (48.2) | |
| If switched in first 28 days, age switched (days) | ||||
| Range | 14–32 | 14–30 | 18–32 | |
| Median (IQR) | 21 (17–29) | 18 (16–24) | 28 (21–30) | |
| If switched after 28 days, age switched (days) | ||||
| Range | 29–132 | 29–71 | 34–132 | |
| Median (IQR) | 44 (33–61) | 35 (31–47) | 57 (45–80) | |
| Lopinavir-ritonavir switch in relation to estimated post-menstrual age (PMA), N (%) | ||||
| No follow-up | 3 (4.1) | 3 (6.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.491 |
| Initiated on lopinavir-ritonavir | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.7) | |
| Before 42 weeks PMA | 2 (2.7) | 1 (2.2) | 1 (3.7) | |
| 42 weeks PMA | 25 (34.3) | 16 (34.8) | 9 (33.3) | |
| After 42 weeks PMA | 42 (57.5) | 26 (56.5) | 16 (59.3) | |
| Zidovudine changed to abacavir in 48 weeks of follow-up, N | 33 | 21 | 12 | |
| If switched to abacavir, median age switched in days (IQR) | 169 (125–198) | 149 (125–186) | 182 (130–260) | |
| Zidovudine changed to stavudine in 48 weeks of follow-up, N | 4 | 2 | 2 |
⁎
Exact hours known in 41/45. In the other 4 known to be <48 h but exact numbers of hours not recorded.
§
One child received one dose of lopinavir-ritonavir in error at the start of treatment but then continued with nevirapine.
Abbreviations: Antiretroviral treatment (ART), Standard deviation (SD), Inter-quartile range (IQR), Post-menstrual age (PMA).