Table 1.

List of Gamma Radiation (⁶⁰Co) studies in non-human biota by various researchers (www.fredrica-online.org; IAEA, 2002).

Species (Common name)	Dose Rate (Gy)	Radiation Effect	References
Pisces
Esox lucius L. (Pike)	0, 2	Reproduction (delayed hatching), anomaly	[6]
Cyprinus carpio (Carp)	5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 80, 120, 160	Reproduction	[7]
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Chinook salmon)	0, 0.41, 0.95, 2.3, 3.5, 8.1, 17, 42	Reproduction (retardation of Gonadal differentiation)	[8]
Salmo gairdnerii (Rainbow trout)	0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4	Reproduction (embryo abnormalities)	[9]
Tinca tinca L. (Tench)	0, 0.04,0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 40.25, 40.5, 41, 42.5	Reproduction (reduced survival rate in larvae).	[10]
Crustaceans
Physa heterostopha (Aquatic Snail)	1, 10, 25	Reproduction and fecundity	[11]
Mercenaria mercenaria (Clams)	0.0, 0.25, 2.5, 28, 1020	Growth and Survival monitored	[12]
Mytilus edulis (Mussel)	0.9 or 2.0μGy	Observation of Cilia beating monitored and behavioural response also	[13]
Biomphalarica qlabrata (Snail)	0, 2.5, 10, 20	Counted off spring	[14]