Table A.5.

Source of Measures of Restrictive Gender Attitudes and Norms

	Attitude or Norm	Scale (Verbatim or Adapted)	Source
Educationrowhead
If a family can afford for one child to go to secondary school, it should be the boy only	Attitude	Gender Attitudes Scale	Lundgren et al. (2013)
Only boys should learn about science, technology, and math	Attitude	Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence	New
Girls should be sent to school only if they are not needed to help at home	Attitude	Gender Attitudes Scale	Lundgren et al. (2013)
Girls should avoid raising their voice to be ladylike	Attitude	Gender Stereotypical Traits	Global Early Adolescent Study (2018)
(Reverse) Boys should be able to show their feelings without fear of being teased	Attitude	Gender Stereotypical Traits	Global Early Adolescent Study (2018)
Our culture makes it harder for girls to achieve their goals than boys	Norm	Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence	New
Adolescent girls in my community are more likely to be out of school than adolescent boys	Norm	Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence	New
Girls in my community are sent to school only if they are not needed to help at home	Norm	Gender Attitudes Scale	Lundgren et al. (2013)
Most people in my community expect girls to be sent to school only if they are not needed at home	Norm	Gender Attitudes Scale	Lundgren et al. (2013)
Time Userowhead
(Reverse) Girls and boys should share household tasks equally	Attitude	Gender Stereotypical Roles	Global Early Adolescent Study (2018)
A woman's most important role is to take care of her home and cook for her family	Attitude	Gender Equitable Men (GEM) Scale	Vu et al. (2017)
A man should have the final word on decisions in his home	Attitude	GEM Scale	Vu et al. (2017)
Most boys and girls in my community do not share household tasks equally	Norm	Gender Stereotypical Roles	Global Early Adolescent Study (2018)
Most people in my community expect men to have the final word about decisions in the home	Norm	GEM Scale	Vu et al. (2017)
Most people in my community do not expect girls and boys to share household tasks equally	Norm	Gender Stereotypical Roles	Global Early Adolescent Study (2018)
Most men in my community are the ones who make the decisions in their home	Norm	International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES)	Levtov et al. (2018)
Financial Inclusion and Economic Empowermentrowhead
(Reverse) Women should have the same chance to work outside of the home as men	Attitude	Gender Attitudes Scale	Lundgren et al. (2013)
Women who participate in politics or leadership positions cannot also be good wives or mothers	Attitude	IMAGES	Levtov et al. (2018)
(Reverse) It is important for women and adolescent girls to have their own savings	Attitude	Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence	New
(Reverse) Most women in my community have the same chance to work outside the home as men	Norm	Gender Attitudes Scale	Lundgren et al. (2013)
(Reverse) Most people in my community expect women to have the same chance to work outside the home as men	Norm	Gender Attitudes Scale	Lundgren et al. (2013)
Relationships and Marriagerowhead
(Reverse) A boy should be able to have a girlfriend if he wants to	Attitude	Adolescent Relationship Expectations	Global Early Adolescent Study (2018)
(Reverse) A girl should be able to have a boyfriend if she wants to	Attitude	Adolescent Relationship Expectations	Global Early Adolescent Study (2018)
(Reverse) A girl's marriage can wait until she has completed secondary school	Attitude	Schooling, Income and Health Risk	Baird et al. (2017)
Most adolescent girls in my community marry before the age of 18 years	Norm	Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence	New
Adults in my community expect adolescent girls to get married before the age of 18 years	Norm	Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence	New
Sexual and Reproductive Healthrowhead
(Reverse) Girls should be proud of their bodies as they become women	Attitude	Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence	New
Families should control their daughters' behaviors more than their sons'	Attitude	IMAGES	Levtov et al. (2018)
Most families in my community control their daughters' behaviors more than their sons'	Norm	IMAGES	Levtov et al. (2018)
Most people in my community expect families to control their daughter's behavior more than their sons'	Norm	IMAGES	Levtov et al. (2018)

Notes: This table provides a source for all the attitude and norm questions in the quantitative survey. Many of these questions are used in multiple sources. All questions that are indicated as developed as part of the Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence (GAGE) program use concepts from multiple sources.