Skip to main content
. 2020 Jan 17;13:1433. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01433

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Pharmacological manipulation of the LPO disrupts the reduction in self-administration of cocaine after punishment. (A) Timeline of behavioral procedures. SA, self-administration; FR, fixed ratio (number of responses required to obtain one cocaine infusion, depicted with pink line). (B) Location of LPO injections for aCSF (gray), bicuculline (Bic, purple), and baclofen + muscimol (Bac + Mus, green). (C) Cocaine self-administration behavior, data are mean ± SEM of each group. There was no difference between groups across self-administration or over the last 3 days of self-administration (SA). (D) Behavior during punishment. Lines are individual subjects; symbols and error bars represent means ± SEM of each group. During footshock (EFS) punishment, all groups decreased the number of infusions relative to pre punishment (SA) (all HSD comparisons, Ps < 0.001), and this occurred to a similar extent in animals receiving aCSF, bicuculline, or baclofen + muscimol. On the day following punishment (Post), only the aCSF group remained significantly below baseline intake (HSD, aCSF: ∗∗∗P < 0.001), whereas the other groups returned to pre-baseline intake (HSD, Bic: P = 0.20; Bac + Mus: P = 0.99).