Table 2. Model comparisons for the relationship between human-induced environmental change and avian baseline and stress-induced corticosterone, using global and US-based data.

Model *	K	DIC	ΔDIC	Weight
Global data, avian baseline (n = 487 measures from 79 species)
avian baseline cort ~ mass + sex + temp + precip + life history stage + max breeding attempts + life history stage*max breeding attempts + human footprint index + ALAN + human population density	15	693.76	0	0.162
avian baseline cort ~ mass + sex + temp + precip + life history stage + max breeding attempts + life history stage*max breeding attempts + ALAN	13	694.29	0.520	0.125
avian baseline cort ~ mass + sex + temp + precip + life history stage + max breeding attempts + life history stage*max breeding attempts + human footprint index	13	694.64	0.874	0.104
avian baseline cort ~ mass + sex + temp + precip + life history stage + max breeding attempts + life history stage*max breeding attempts (null model)	12	694.65	0.882	0.104
avian baseline cort ~ mass + sex + temp + precip + life history stage + max breeding attempts + life history stage*max breeding attempts + human footprint index + ALAN + urban adaptability + ALAN*urban adaptability	17	694.88	1.111	0.093
avian baseline cort ~ mass + sex + temp + precip + life history stage + max breeding attempts + life history stage*max breeding attempts + human population density	13	694.92	1.156	0.091
avian baseline cort ~ mass + sex + temp + precip + life history stage + max breeding attempts + life history stage*max breeding attempts + urban adaptability	14	694.98	1.215	0.088
avian baseline cort ~ mass + sex + temp + precip + life history stage + max breeding attempts + life history stage*max breeding attempts + human footprint index + urban adaptability + human footprint index*urban adaptability	17	695.04	1.274	0.085
avian baseline cort ~ mass + sex + temp + precip + life history stage + max breeding attempts + life history stage*max breeding attempts + human footprint index + ALAN + human population density + urban adaptability + + human footprint index*urban adaptability + ALAN*urban adaptability + human population density*urban adaptability	23	695.26	1.500	0.076
avian baseline cort ~ mass + sex + temp + precip + life history stage + max breeding attempts + life history stage*max breeding attempts + human population density + urban adaptability + human population density*urban adaptability	17	695.38	1.612	0.072
avian baseline cort ~ 1 (intercept only)	5	717.51	23.747	0
Global data, avian stress-induced (n = 278 measures from 58 species)
avian stress-induced cort ~ baseline cort + mass + sex + life history stage + max breeding attempts + life history stage*max breeding attempts + urban adaptability	12	188.05	0	0.266
avian stress-induced cort ~ baseline cort + mass + sex + life history stage + max breeding attempts + life history stage*max breeding attempts + human footprint index + urban adaptability + human footprint index*urban adaptability	15	188.45	0.402	0.217
avian stress-induced cort ~ baseline cort + mass + sex + life history stage + max breeding attempts + life history stage*max breeding attempts (null model)	10	189.05	0.997	0.161
avian stress-induced cort ~ baseline cort + mass + sex + life history stage + max breeding attempts + life history stage*max breeding attempts + ALAN	11	190.52	2.470	0.077
avian stress-induced cort ~ baseline cort + mass + sex + life history stage + max breeding attempts + life history stage*max breeding attempts + human population density	11	190.61	2.559	0.074