Table 4. Continued.

Model	Parameter *	β estimate	CI	Effective sample size
US data, avian stress-induced (n = 214 measures from 45 species)	(intercept)	2.47	1.70, 3.19	4975
	baseline cort	0.27	0.19, 0.34	4975
	sex (male)	0.18	0.08, 0.28	5323
	life history stage (non-breeding)	0.002	−0.54, 0.55	5031
	max breeding attempts	0.20	0.14, 0.38	4975
	life history stage (non-breeding)*max breeding attempts	−0.06	−0.03, 0.35	4961
	urban adaptability (avoid)	0.15	−0.04, 0.35	5346
	urban adaptability (exploit)	−0.06	−0.22, 0.12	4961
Global data, reptilian baseline (n = 108 measures from 32 species)	(intercept)	2.56	−0.40, 5.45	4975
	mass	−0.03	−0.31, 0.22	5426
	sex (male)	−0.42	−0.68, −0.16	4975
	life history stage (non-breeding)	−0.78	−1.98, 0.41	4975
	max breeding attempts	−0.20	−0.73, 0.31	4975
	life history stage (non-breeding)*max breeding attempts	0.28	−0.08, 0.60	4975
	temperature	0.16	−0.15, 0.48	4975
	precipitation	−0.07	−0.21, 0.08	4975
US data, reptilian baseline (n = 227 measures from 15 species)	(intercept)	−0.30	−4.95, 3.93	4591
	mass	0.14	−0.29, 0.66	4975
	sex (male)	−0.15	−0.46, 0.15	4975
	life history stage (non-breeding)	−0.92	−1.99, 0.08	5138
	max breeding attempts	−0.05	−0.89, 0.77	4975
	life history stage (non-breeding)*max breeding attempts	0.37	0.05, 0.67	5326
	temperature	0.04	−0.36, 0.41	4975
	precipitation	0.17	0.003, 0.34	5326

^*Italicized text indicates that 95% CI did not overlap zero