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. 2019 Dec 2;98(1):skz366. doi: 10.1093/jas/skz366

Table 2.

Composition of experimental diets (as-fed basis), experiment 11,2

Dietary phases Two-phase Four-phase Four-phase Four-phase
Lysine specification 100% 100% 96% 96%/100%
Initial weight, kg 27 100 27 50 72 100 27 50 72 100 27 50 72 100
Final weight, kg 100 127 50 72 100 127 50 72 100 127 50 72 100 127
Ingredient, %
 Corn 54.73 81.14 47.54 54.74 60.50 81.14 51.98 58.34 62.93 85.18 51.98 58.34 60.50 81.14
 DDGS3 30.00 — 30.00 30.00 30.00 — 30.00 30.00 30.00 — 30.00 30.00 30.00 —
 Soybean meal, 47% CP 12.13 16.05 19.09 12.13 6.41 16.05 14.60 8.46 3.96 11.97 14.60 8.46 6.41 16.05
 Tallow 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
 Monocalcium phosphate, 21% P 0.05 0.25 0.20 0.05 — 0.25 0.25 0.10 — 0.30 0.25 0.10 — 0.25
 Calcium carbonate 1.20 0.95 1.28 1.20 1.20 0.95 1.30 1.23 1.23 0.95 1.30 1.23 1.20 0.95
 Sodium chloride 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
 l-Lysine HCl 0.50 0.25 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.25 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.25 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.25
 dl-Methionine — 0.02 0.02 — — 0.02 — — — 0.01 — — — 0.02
 l-Threonine 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07
 l-Tryptophan 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.02
 Vitamin–trace mineral premix4 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Calculated analysis
 SID5 AAs, %
  Lysine 0.96 0.77 1.13 0.96 0.82 0.77 1.02 0.87 0.76 0.67 1.02 0.87 0.82 0.77
  Isoleucine:lysine 62 64 63 62 61 64 62 61 60 63 62 61 61 64
  Leucine:lysine 173 154 161 173 186 154 168 180 193 163 168 180 186 154
  Methionine:lysine 31 30 30 31 33 30 30 32 34 30 30 32 33 30
  Methionine and cysteine:lysine 59 58 57 59 63 58 57 61 65 60 57 61 63 58
  Threonine:lysine 64 65 62 63 64 65 62 63 64 65 62 63 64 65
  Tryptophan:lysine 19.8 19.5 18.9 18.7 19.9 19.5 18.5 18.9 19.7 19.8 18.5 18.9 19.9 19.5
  Valine:lysine 75 73 74 75 76 73 74 76 77 74 74 76 76 73
 Total lysine, % 1.13 0.88 1.32 1.13 0.97 0.88 1.19 1.03 0.91 0.76 1.19 1.03 0.97 0.88
 NE, kcal/kg 2,498 2,566 2,452 2,498 2,533 2,566 2,476 2,518 2,546 2,588 2,476 2,518 2,533 2,566
 SID Lys:NE, g/Mcal 3.84 3.00 4.61 3.84 3.24 3.00 4.12 3.46 2.98 2.59 4.12 3.46 3.24 3.00
 CP, % 18.6 13.6 21.4 18.6 16.3 13.6 19.6 17.1 15.3 12.0 19.6 17.1 16.3 13.6
 Calcium, % 0.53 0.45 0.60 0.53 0.50 0.45 0.60 0.53 0.50 0.45 0.60 0.53 0.50 0.45
 STTD6 phosphorus, % 0.33 0.26 0.38 0.33 0.30 0.26 0.38 0.33 0.30 0.26 0.38 0.33 0.30 0.26
Chemical analysis7
 DM, % 88.1 87.2 87.7 87.5 88.1 87.1 87.1 88.1 88.2 87.4 87.4 87.5 88.4 87.0
 CP, % 18.0 13.3 19.7 20.2 16.4 13.1 18.9 18.8 15.0 12.1 18.5 17.0 16.0 13.8
 EE, % 4.9 3.4 5.4 4.8 5.1 3.5 5.0 4.9 5.0 3.5 4.7 5.0 5.3 3.1
 NDF, % 11.5 5.7 13.7 12.9 12.6 5.6 11.8 12.5 11.3 5.4 11.4 11.2 13.0 5.3
 Calcium, % 0.66 0.53 0.67 0.83 0.58 0.52 0.69 0.73 0.77 0.53 0.72 0.70 0.52 0.57
 Phosphorus, % 0.46 0.34 0.50 0.47 0.44 0.34 0.49 0.51 0.40 0.33 0.47 0.45 0.43 0.34
 Lysine, % 1.05 0.84 1.19 1.15 0.92 0.78 1.12 1.10 0.83 0.71 1.11 0.97 0.93 0.79

1Experiment evaluated feeding strategies based on number of dietary phases (two and four dietary phases) and lysine specifications (96% and 100% of estimated requirements for growth rate) for grow-finish pigs. Lysine specifications were derived from the genetic supplier’s lysine requirement prediction equation based on commercial experiments (Genus PIC; Gonçalves et al., 2017). For 96%/100%, lysine specifications for 96% of estimated requirements were applied in growing (27 to 72 kg BW) and lysine specifications for 100% of estimated requirements were applied in finishing (72 to 127 kg BW).

2Diets were fed ad libitum in meal form from 27.9 to 129.1 kg BW for 117 d. Lysine levels in experimental diets were achieved by changing the inclusion of soybean meal.

3DDGS = corn distillers dried grains with solubles.

4Provided per kilogram of premix: 3,527,360 IU vitamin A; 881,840 IU vitamin D; 17,637 IU vitamin E; 1,764 mg vitamin K; 15.4 mg vitamin B12; 33,069 mg niacin; 11,023 mg pantothenic acid; 3,307 mg riboflavin; 74 g Zn from zinc sulfate; 74 g Fe from iron sulfate; 22 g Mn from manganese oxide; 11 g Cu from copper sulfate; 0.22 g I from calcium iodate; 0.20 g Se from sodium selenite; 500,000 FTU phytase from OptiPhos 2000 (Huvepharma Inc., Peachtree City, GA).

5SID = standardized ileal digestible.

6STTD = standardized total tract digestible.

7Representative samples of complete feed were collected from multiple feeders and composite samples were ground, subsampled, and analyzed (Ward Laboratories, Inc., Kearney, NE for proximate analysis and Ajinomoto Heartland, Inc., Chicago, IL for lysine analysis).