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. 2019 Dec 2;98(1):skz366. doi: 10.1093/jas/skz366

Table 5.

Composition of experimental diets (as-fed basis), experiment 41,2

Dietary phases Two-phase Two-phase Three-phase Four-phase
Lysine specification 98% 98%/100% 98% 98%
Initial weight, kg 27 100 27 100 27 72 100 27 50 72 100
Final weight, kg 100 127 100 127 72 100 127 50 72 100 127
Ingredient, %
 Corn 64.98 80.21 64.98 78.17 61.76 70.39 80.21 58.48 65.33 70.39 80.21
 DDGS3 20.00 — 20.00 — 20.00 20.00 — 20.00 20.00 20.00 —
 Soybean meal, 47% CP 11.35 17.21 11.35 19.25 14.61 6.42 17.21 17.88 11.33 6.42 17.21
 Tallow 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75
 Monocalcium phosphate, 21% P 0.50 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.45 0.10 0.20 0.45 0.25 0.10 0.20
 Calcium carbonate 1.23 0.95 1.23 0.95 1.23 1.18 0.95 1.20 1.15 1.18 0.95
 Sodium chloride 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
 L-Lysine HCl 0.50 0.15 0.50 0.15 0.50 0.50 0.15 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.15
 DL-Methionine 0.03 — 0.03 — 0.03 — — 0.06 0.03 — —
 l-Threonine 0.12 0.02 0.12 0.02 0.13 0.11 0.02 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.02
 l-Tryptophan 0.05 — 0.05 — 0.04 0.05 — 0.04 0.05 0.05 —
 Vitamin–trace mineral premix4 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Calculated analysis
 SID5 AAs, %
  Lysine 0.91 0.72 0.91 0.77 0.99 0.79 0.72 1.07 0.91 0.79 0.72
  Isoleucine:lysine 58 71 58 71 59 56 71 59 58 56 71
  Leucine:lysine 159 169 159 164 154 169 169 149 159 169 169
  Methionine:lysine 31 31 31 30 30 30 31 32 31 30 31
  Methionine and cysteine:lysine 58 62 58 60 56 58 62 58 58 58 62
  Threonine:lysine 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64
  Tryptophan:lysine 19.2 19.7 19.2 19.9 19.0 19.3 19.7 19.2 19.2 19.3 19.7
  Valine:lysine 69 81 69 80 69 70 81 69 69 70 81
 Total lysine, % 1.05 0.83 1.05 0.88 1.14 0.92 0.83 1.23 1.05 0.92 0.83
 NE, kcal/kg 2,522 2,560 2,522 2,549 2,502 2,562 2,560 2,485 2,531 2,562 2,560
 SID Lys:NE, g/Mcal 3.61 2.81 3.61 3.02 3.96 3.08 2.81 4.31 3.60 3.08 2.81
 CP, % 16.2 14.0 16.2 14.8 17.5 14.2 14.0 18.9 16.2 14.2 14.0
 Calcium, % 0.60 0.45 0.60 0.45 0.60 0.50 0.45 0.60 0.53 0.50 0.45
 STTD6 phosphorus, % 0.38 0.26 0.38 0.26 0.38 0.29 0.26 0.38 0.33 0.29 0.26
Chemical analysis7
 DM, % 87.8 87.9 87.3 87.9 87.7 86.6 87.0 88.6 87.4 87.7 87.9
 CP, % 15.8 14.2 14.8 14.1 18.7 13.7 13.1 16.8 14.7 13.7 13.1
 EE, % 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.8 3.4 3.8 4.2 4.0 3.6 4.1
 NDF, % 8.9 7.2 7.4 6.5 8.7 6.2 7.5 10.2 10.2 7.5 7.7
 Calcium, % 0.70 0.55 0.62 0.67 0.67 0.62 0.64 0.65 0.67 0.57 0.72
 Phosphorus, % 0.45 0.37 0.39 0.36 0.46 0.33 0.38 0.44 0.37 0.34 0.41
 Lysine, % 0.93 0.81 0.89 0.80 1.20 0.82 0.71 1.02 0.90 0.82 0.73

1Experiment evaluated feeding strategies based on number of dietary phases (two, three, and four dietary phases) and lysine specifications (98% and 100% of estimated requirements for growth rate) for grow-finish pigs. Lysine specifications were derived from the genetic supplier’s lysine requirement prediction equation based on commercial experiments (Genus PIC; Gonçalves et al., 2017). For 98%/100%, lysine specifications at 98% of estimated requirements were applied in growing-finishing (27 to 100 kg BW) and lysine specifications at 100% of estimated requirements were applied in late finishing (100 to 127 kg BW).

2Diets were fed ad libitum in meal form from 28.8 to 129.9 kg BW for 114 d. Lysine levels in experimental diets were achieved by changing the inclusion of soybean meal.

3DDGS = corn distillers dried grains with solubles.

4Provided per kilogram of premix: 3,527,360 IU vitamin A; 881,840 IU vitamin D; 17,637 IU vitamin E; 1,764 mg vitamin K; 15.4 mg vitamin B12; 33,069 mg niacin; 11,023 mg pantothenic acid; 3,307 mg riboflavin; 74 g Zn from zinc sulfate; 74 g Fe from iron sulfate; 22 g Mn from manganese oxide; 11 g Cu from copper sulfate; 0.22 g I from calcium iodate; 0.20 g Se from sodium selenite; 500,000 FTU phytase from OptiPhos 2000 (Huvepharma Inc., Peachtree City, GA).

5SID = standardized ileal digestible.

6STTD = standardized total tract digestible.

7Representative samples of complete feed were collected from multiple feeders and composite samples were ground, subsampled, and analyzed (Ward Laboratories, Inc., Kearney, NE for proximate analysis and Ajinomoto Heartland, Inc., Chicago, IL for lysine analysis).