Table 1.
Gene expression regulations by carotenoids under different stressors.
| Gene | Up-regulated gene expression (times) | Stressors | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thioredoxins (TRX) | 1.18–1.76 | Vibrio parahaemolyticus | (35) |
| PGRP gene | 1.60–1.80 | V. parahaemolyticus and polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (Poly I: C) | Unpublished data |
| Ferritins | 1.20–1.90 | V. parahaemolyticus | (47) |
| Prophenoloxidase (ProPO) | 1.07–1.21 | Bacterial infection | (18, 39) |
| Vitellogenin (Vg) | 1.60–2.78 | NiL | (36) |
| Toll-like Receptor (TLRs) | 1.10–4.00 | V. parahemolyticus and lipopolysaccharide and Poly I:C | (37) |
| Heat shock proteins (HSPs) | 1.20–2.00 | Heat shock challenge at 32°C | (26, 45) |
| CuZnSOD gene | 1.20–2.20 | lower temperature stress | (38) |