Table 2.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolation and Risk of Mortality in Adults With COPD, Buffalo Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Buffalo, New York, 1994–2014

Group	Events/ Persons	Crudea,b HR (95% CI)	P	Adjusteda,c HR (95% CI)	P
P aeruginosa culture-negative	73/108	1.0 (reference)	-	1.0 (reference)	-
P aeruginosa culture-positive	56/73	1.72 (1.21–2.43)	.002	1.78 (1.24–2.55)	.001

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HR, hazard ratio.

^a Pseudomonas aeruginosa is modeled as a time-dependent variable.

^bCox proportional hazards regression, unadjusted.

^cCox proportional hazards model, covariates: age, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁)%, Charlson comorbidity index, baseline smoking status, participant follow-up, and race.