Table 5.
Antibiotic and Steroid Utilization Comparing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Culture-Positive and Culture-Negative Groupsa,b
| Antibiotic and Steroid Utilization | Preisolation Segment (12 months) | P | Postisolation Segment (24 months) | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (+) | (−) | (+) | (−) | |||
| No. of antibiotic treatments for an acute exacerbation | 118 | 86 | 249 | 142 | ||
| Antibiotic treatment rate (95% CI)c | 16.9 (14–20.3) | 9.6 (7.6–11.8) | <.001 | 17.9 (15.7–20.2) | 7.9 (6.6–9.3) | <.001 |
| No. of oral steroid treatments for an acute exacerbation | 54 | 40 | 120 | 85 | ||
| Steroid treatment rate (95% CI)c | 7.8 (5.8–10.1) | 4.4 (3.2–6.1) | .007 | 8.6 (7.1–10.3) | 4.7 (3.7–5.8) | <.001 |
| Total antibiotic exposure, no. | 146 | 96 | 293 | 162 | ||
| Antibiotic exposure rate (95% CI)c | 20.9 (17.7–24.7) | 10.7 (8.6–13) | <.001 | 21 (18.7–23.6) | 9 (7.7–10.5) | <.001 |
| Antibiotic classes, no. (%) | ||||||
| β-lactam | 43 (29) | 24 (25) | .45 | 92 (31) | 43 (27) | .28 |
| Macrolide | 30 (21) | 28 (29) | .13 | 62 (21) | 44 (27) | .15 |
| Fluoroquinoloned | 31 (21) | 23 (24) | .62 | 61 (21) | 45 (28) | .10 |
| Ciprofloxacin | 7 (4.8) | 4 (4.2) | .84 | 23 (7.8) | 6 (3.7) | .08 |
| Folate antagonists | 24 (16) | 13 (14) | .55 | 35 (12) | 19 (12) | .95 |
| Other | 11 (7.5) | 4 (4.2) | .30 | 6 (2) | 5 (3) | .50 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval.
a(+) and (−) indicate the P aeruginosa culture-positive and culture–negative groups, respectively.
bIncludes only patients with nonmissing data over the 36-month period: P aeruginosa (PA) culture-positive (n = 58); PA culture-negative (n = 75).
cRates are expressed per 100 person-months.
dCiprofloxacin is presented separately and not counted within the fluoroquinolone group.