. 2020 Jan 23;12:4. doi: 10.1186/s11689-019-9306-9

Table 2.

Significant differences in health comorbidity prevalence between males and females

	Males	Females	Statistical comparison
Younger children—otitis media with effusion	40 (64.5%)	24 (45.3%)	OR = 2.20 (1.04, 4.65), X(1) = 4.28, p = 0.039^a
Younger adults—reflux	5 (6.0%)	0 (0.0%)	p = 0.026^b
Older adults—hypothyroidism	55 (35.9%)	62 (48.1%)	OR = 0.61 (0.38, 0.98), X(1) = 4.23, p = 0.040^a
Older adults—otitis media with effusion	12 (7.8%)	3 (2.3%)	OR = 3.57 (0.99, 12.96), X(1) = 4.23, p = 0.040^a

Results show the prevalence in males and females (n (%)) with results of statistical analysis giving odds ratios (95% CIs; not possible where one cell equals zero), and statistical comparisons performed using ^a chi-squared tests or ^b Fisher’s exact test as appropriate.

OR odds ratio