Table 2.
Summary of irradiation parameters and outcomes for in vivo studies investigating the FLASH effect in tumor tissues (organized in order of model species and targeted tissue, as well as color coded by radiation modality).
| In vivo studies | Irradiation delivery technique | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | Assay |
FLASH dose modification factor (Bold if >1) |
Total dose (Gy) | Dose rate (Gy/s) | Pulse rate (Hz) | Modality of radiation |
| Thoracic irradiation of orthotopic engrafted non-small cell lung cancer (Lewis lung carcinoma) in mice (36) | Tumor size and T-cell Infiltration |
>1 Differences in tumor size (significant) and T-cell infiltration |
18 | 40 | ? | Proton |
| Thoracic irradiation of orthotopic engrafted mouse lung carcinoma TC-1 Luc+ in mice (10) | Survival and tumor Growth Delay | 1 | 15-28 | 60 | 100–150 | Electron |
| Abdominal irradiation of mice (17) | Number of tumors, tumor weights | 1 | 12–16 | 216 | 108 | Electron |
| Whole brain irradiation of nude mice with orthotopic engrafted H454 murine glioblastoma (8) | Tumor Growth Delay | 1 | 10–25 | 2.8–5.6·106 | Single pulse | Electron |
| Local irradiation of subcutaneous engrafted Human breast cancer HBCx-12A and head and neck carcinoma HEp-2 in nude mice (10) | Tumor Growth Delay | 1 | 15–25 | 60 | 100–150 | Electron |
| Local irradiation of subcutaneous engrafted U87 human glioblastoma in nude mice (8) | Tumor Growth Delay | 1 | 0–35 | 125–5.6·106 | 100 or single pulse | Electron |
| Local irradiation of subcutaneous engrafted U87 human glioblastoma in nude mice (19) | Tumor Growth Delay | 1 | 10–30 | 125–5.6·106 | 100 or single pulse | Electron |
| Local irradiation of subcutaneous engrafted Human hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma ATCC HTB-43 in nude mice (35) | Tumor Growth Delay in irradiated Mice and RBE | 1 | 20 | 0.008 mean, ≈109 in pulse | < <1 | Proton |
| Treatment of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in cat patients (15) | Tumor response and survival | 1 Similar response as in published studies with CONV-RT |
25–41 | 130–390 | 100 | Electron |
| Treatment of CD30+ T-cell cutaneous lymphoma T3 N0 M0 B0 in human patient (9) |
Tumor response | 1 Similar response as previous treatments with CONV-RT |
15 | 167 | 100 | Electron |