. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2019 Aug 26;61(2):157–166. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13116

Table 2.

Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Features of Latent Profiles at Age 5-Years

	Typically- Developing (n=49)	At-Risk (n=47)	Psychiatric (n=15)	Inattentive/ Hyperactive (n=14)	p

Neurodevelopment
Cognition	107.16 (10.60)^a,b,c	86.11 (12.0)^a	87.87 (13.1)^b	84.86 (12.0)^c	<.001
Language	105.34 (15.5)^a,b,c	86.17 (14.5)^a	90.53 (13.6)^b	83.64 (17.6)^c	<.001
Motor	8.58 (3.3)^a,b,c	6.14 (3.2)^a	3.62 (2.1)^b	5.57 (3.4)^c	<.001
Parent-report Symptoms
Executive function	39.92 (6.5)^a,b,c	53.79 (8.7)^a,d	83.13 (12.9)^b,d,f	59.36 (14.6)^c,f	<.001
ADHD	45.12 (5.5)^a,b,c	56.34 (9.4)^a,d	80.40 (8.0)^b,d,f	60.36 (13.6)^c,f	<.001
Externalizing	35.53 (7.7)^a,b,c	48.45 (8.2)^a,d	70.40 (8.7)^b,d,f	48.00 (11.1)^c,f	<.001
Internalizing	37.10 (6.7)^a,b,c	51.00 (8.7)^a,d	68.40 (9.0)^b,d,f	50.07 (11.1)^c,f	<.001
Social-Communication	44.29 (4.4)^a,b,c	54.34 (6.7)^a,d	76.87 (8.5)^b,d,f	55.50 (7.0)^c,f	<.001
Autistic behaviors	44.84 (3.5)^a,b,c	54.38 (7.9)^a,d	80.67 (9.6)^b,d,f	53.00 (7.5)^c,f	<.001
Teacher-report Symptoms
ADHD	51.24 (10.4)^a,b,c	57.57 (9.6)^a,e	62.60 (12.5)^b,f	76.29 (10.9)^c,e,f	<.001
Externalizing	45.78 (8.3)^a,b,c	52.79 (9.7)^a,e	54.27 (9.7)^b,f	64.79 (6.2)^c,e,f	<.001
Internalizing	45.78 (8.5)^a,b,c	51.11 (7.4)^a,e	52.73 (10.4)^b,f	68.79 (11.0)^c,e,f	<.001
Social-Communication	46.65 (7.6)^a,b,c	53.02 (6.5)^a,d,e	59.33 (10.9)^b,d,f	74.57 (8.2)^c,e,f	<.001
Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors	46.39 (5.0)^a,b,c	51.47 (6.1)^a,e	56.73 (12.0)^b,f	78.43 (9.3)^c,e,f	<.001

Note. Means and standard deviations reported. Pair-wise comparison p<.05 Profile

1 vs. 2

1 vs. 3

1 vs. 4

2 vs. 3

2 vs. 4

3 vs. 4