Table 1.
Patient Demographics
| Case Patients | Control Patients | Total Study Population | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 245 | 72 | 317 | |
| Gender | 0.97 | |||
| Male | 123 (50.2) | 37 (51.4) | 160 (50.5) | |
| Age at first study visit | 0.83 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 62.9 (14.6) | 63.3 (13.8) | 63.0 (14.4) | |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.29 | |||
| White | 164 (66.9) | 41 (56.9) | 205 (64.7) | |
| Black | 62 (25.3) | 23 (31.9) | 85 (26.8) | |
| Other | 19 (7.8) | 8 (11.1) | 27 (8.5) | |
| Educational attainment | 0.19 | |||
| <High school or unknown | 8 (3.3) | 6 (8.3) | 14 (4.4) | |
| High school/GED | 39 (15.9) | 6 (8.3) | 45 (14.2) | |
| Some college | 48 (19.6) | 17 (23.6) | 65 (20.5) | |
| College graduate | 64 (26.1) | 20 (27.8) | 84 (26.5) | |
| Graduate school | 86 (35.1) | 23 (31.9) | 109 (34.4) | |
| Number of medications1,mean (SD) | 4.1 (2.3) | 4.6 (2.3) | 4.2 (2.3) | 0.11 |
| Number of medications with known | 1.9 (1.4) | 2.2 (1.4) | 2.0 (1.4) | 0.11 |
| PGx information1, mean (SD) | ||||
| Dates of enrollment | 2/2011–11/2015 | 6/2012–11/2016 | ||
| Number of clinics represented | 18 | 13 | ||
| Average number of evaluable visits during study during study period, mean (SD) | 2.8 (2.4) | 2.0 (1.2) | 2.6 (2.2) | 0.0001 |
| Surveys returned/delivered | 415/781 (53.1) | 95/204 (46.6) | 510/985 (51.8) | 0.38 |
| Median surveys returned per patient (range) | 1 (1–13) | 1 (1–3) | 1 (1–13) | |
| Average number of medication changes per visit (range) | 1.46 (1–5) | 1.37 (1–4) | 1.44 (1–5) | 0.59 |
| Type of medication change | 0.64 | |||
| New medication | 297 (48.9) | 67 (50.0) | 364 (48.9) | |
| Discontinuation | 164 (26.9) | 31 (23.1) | 195 (26.2) | |
| Dose change | 149 (24.4) | 36 (26.9) | 185 (24.9) | |
| Top Medications Changed2 | ||||
| 1. | Hydrochlorothiazide 33 (5.4) | Amlodipine 9 (6.7) | ||
| 2. | Atorvastatin 28 (4.6) | Atorvastatin 9 (6.7) | ||
| 3. | Amlodipine 23 (3.8) | Lisinopril 7 (5.2) | ||
| 4. | Lisinopril 23 (3.8) | Metoprolol 6 (4.5) | ||
| 5. | Omeprazole 19 (3.1) | Omeprazole 5 (3.7) |
Values are represented as no. (%) unless otherwise noted
SD, standard deviation
PGx, pharmacogenomics
1
at baseline
2
regardless of pharmacogenomic results availability