Table 4.

Associations between flavor preferences, perceptions, use, and biomarkers of use during preconception and pregnancy (Ns=31–57)

	Cotinine (N=57)				Benzene (N=31)				Butadiene (N=31)
Specific Flavor	Menthol/Mint		Fruit		Menthol/Mint		Fruit		Menthol/Mint		Fruit
Predictor	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Age	1.11 (0.96, 1.29)	.147	1.05 (0.92, 1.20)	.427	1.39 (0.76, 2.56)	.286	1.40 (0.89, 2.18)	.142	1.00 (0.82, 1.21)	.960	1.08 (0.92, 1.27)	.355
Latina ethnicity	0.07 (0.01, 0.59)	.014	0.17 (0.03, 0.95)	.043	0.62 (0.07, 5.28)	.664	1.55 (0.17, 13.94)	.696	1.67 (0.16, 17.11)	.665	6.43 (1.14, 36.31)	.035
Flavor Preferences	2.12 (1.10, 4.09)	.025	0.92 (0.61, 1.40)	.740	1.91 (1.04, 3.53)	.038	0.82 (0.48, 1.41)	.470	1.53 (0.63, 3.70)	.350	1.13 (0.77, 1.66)	.539
Flavor Perceptions
General Harm	0.72 (0.36, 1.45)	.360	0.96 (0.55, 1.70)	.897	1.36 (0.78, 2.35)	.279	1.14 (0.68, 1.95)	.632	0.97 (0.51, 1.84)	.921	0.66 (0.28, 1.55)	.338
Fetal Harm	0.40 (0.17, 0.95)	.038	0.74 (0.43, 1.29)	.291	0.32 (0.10, 0.98)	.045	0.50 (0.24, 1.07)	.075	0.67 (0.33,1.39)	.285	0.77 (0.42,1.40)	.384
Flavored WPT use events	0.80 (0.69, 0.92)	.002	1.04 (0.99, 1.10)	.131	0.98 (0.93, 1.04)	.517	1.07 (0.92, 1.23)	.383	1.01 (0.95, 1.07)	.836	1.64 (1.03, 2.62)	.038

Note. WPT=Waterpipe Tobacco. Logistic regression with robust variance estimation was used for all analyses. Age, preferences, perceptions, and number of WPT use events in which menthol/mint OR fruit flavors were used are continuous variables; ethnicity (1 = Latina; 0 = non-Latina) was dummy coded. Specific flavors (menthol/mint and fruit) indicate the flavor of focus for each regression analysis (i.e., perceptions and perceptions of menthol/mint [fruit] flavored WPT were included in the models predicting menthol/mint [fruit] flavored WPT use events). OR = odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

^aReference category is non-Latina (0).